Gully prevention and control: Techniques, failures and effectiveness
نویسندگان
چکیده
Gully erosion is a major environmental problem, posing significant threats to sustainable development. However, insights on techniques prevent and control gullying are scattered incomplete, especially regarding failure rates effectiveness. This review aims address these issues contribute more successful gully prevention strategies by synthesizing the data from earlier studies. Preventing formation can be done through land use change, applying soil water conservation or targeted measures in concentrated flow zones. The latter include that increase topsoil resistance vegetation barriers. Vegetation barriers made of plant residues have advantage being immediately effective protecting against erosion, but short life expectancy as compared living vegetation. Once deeply incised, development gullies may controlled diverting runoff away channel, this comes at risk relocating problem. Additional such headcut filling, channel reshaping armouring also applied. To channels, multiple studies report check dams and/or Reasons for failures depend sediment characteristics cross-sectional stability micro-environment gully. In turn, external forcing factors grouped into (i) geomorphology topography, (ii) climate (iii) bio-physical environment. impact addressed, their effect retreat network development, trapping reduction catchment yield. Overall, establishment channels catchments plays key role control. stabilized, turn rehabilitated sites lush cropland, making return investment high. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['1096-9837', '0197-9337']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5033